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About John Farrell

John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. More

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Article filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Nov 19, 2009

Mothballed nuclear reactor illustrates the power of local self-reliance

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/mothballed-nuclear-reactor-illustrates-power-local-self-reliance/

This story of a the proposed 2300 MW Tyrone nuclear power park (two power plants) for Minnesota is informative. Starting with the original proposal in the 1970s, Northern States Power (now Xcel Energy) was stopped by sharply falling demand in the late 1970s, and they shifted to an alternative proposal to build a 750 MW coal plant. Again energy consumption fell short of projections and Xcel will now be using a combination of Manitoba Hydro power and new wind projects to get 375 MW of new generation. The success in transforming the original dual nukes into a much smaller package of renewable energy was the result of local citizen opposition and state policy on conservation and renewable energy. The author, Dean Abrahamson, notes:

As with almost all major reforms, the movement to more sustainable power has been the result of actions taken by individuals and by states — Washington continues to reluctantly follow, not to lead. [emphasis mine]

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Article filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Nov 19, 2009

Wind power makes electricity cheaper

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/wind-power-makes-electricity-cheaper/

As it grows, wind power can increasingly displace expensive fossil fuel generators. In Texas (and also in Germany), wind is already helping to drive down electricity prices.

This is commonly known as the “merit order” effect, as sources with greater social merit (wind and solar power) are taken first by the grid, displacing dirtier and more expensive energy sources.  The following two illustrations, from Feed-in Tariffs in America, illustrate the effect.

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Article filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Nov 19, 2009

Energy efficiency has economies of scale

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/energy-efficiency-has-economies-scale/

The report [Synapse Energy Economics Inc.: Costs and Benefits of Electric Utility Energy Efficiency in Massachusetts] is worth reading in full, but this paragraph is absolutely vital:

Synapse recently undertook an extensive review of numerous utility and third party EE programs from across the United States in order to explore the empirical relationship between the cost of saved energy (CSE) per kWh saved and program scale in terms of first year energy savings as a percentage of annual energy sales. In the analysis, we found that the CSE tends to decrease as energy savings increase relative to annual energy sales. This finding is contrary to the idea of an energy efficiency supply curve that is often constructed to estimate economic potential of energy efficiency measures. These supply curves generally indicate that the CSE increases as energy savings increase, much like a generation supply curve would. In English: Energy efficiency gets cheaper the more you spend on it. [emphasis original]

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Article, Resource filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Nov 2, 2009

Cooperating for Community Renewable Energy

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/cooperating-community-renewable-energy/

By creating decentralized, community-based renewable energy projects, tapping into the existing grid, and applying new smart grid technology, communities can maximize the economic returns of renewable energy production. Continue reading

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Article, ILSR Press Room filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | 1 Comment | Updated on Oct 29, 2009

President’s Smart Grid Grants are not a Transmission Superhighway, Thankfully

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/president-s-smart-grid-grants-are-not-transmission-superhighway-thankfully/

There’s good news and bad news in President Obama’s announcement Wednesday of 100 grants totaling $3.4 billion to build a smarter electric grid.  The good news is the grants. The bad news is that President Obama continues to conflate the need for a smart grid with the need for a new national high voltage grid. Continue reading

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filed under General | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Oct 22, 2009

Renewables are inevitable, transmission is optional

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/post-2918/

We all agree that a 100% renewable energy system is preferable.  But we don’t need a new, high-voltage transmission network now to reach that goal, and it’s far from clear that we’ll need it in the future.  Continue reading

Article filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Oct 21, 2009

Utilities take a shine to (distributed) solar

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/utilities-take-shine-distributed-solar/

Rooftop solar is no longer the playground for granolas and Germans. But even when utilities join the solar PV game, they find that the distributed nature overcomes many of the technical and political barriers. A 2008 change in federal tax policy opened the door to utilities to invest in solar PV and utilities like PG&E are planning sizable installations (250 MW). PG&E will do a ground-mounted field of modules in the desert, but other utilities are finding distributed PV makes more sense:

Southern California Edison already plans to scatter 1 MW and 2 MW rooftop PV installations across its service territory, part of its goal to deploy 250 MW of PV over the next five years. Minimizing transient spikes is one reason. A second is that transmission remains the No. 1 barrier to renewable energy growth in California, says Mike Marelli, the utility’s director of renewable and alternative power contracts. “We can implement smaller systems with little or no transmission” additions, he says.

It’s hard to argue that transmission is a barrier when you’ve got 250 MW coming online without it! The good news is that the distributed solar also helps overcome some of the variability issues with solar power:

“During cloudy periods, the output from PV can get noisy with spikes,” which can have an effect on the grid, says Kelly Beninga, global director of renewable energy for WorleyParsons. PV installations around 20 MW in size can be managed without too much trouble. Larger than that and portions of the grid can be affected by passing clouds… To better understand the issue, NV Energy is studying power output variations that may result from deploying PV in and around Las Vegas. The study won’t be complete for another year, but Tom Fair says early data suggest that geographic dispersion helps dampen variability. A second finding is that solar facilities need to be placed on strong parts of the grid. “That leads us away from having huge amounts of PV at any one site,” Fair says. Ten to 20 MW at any one site might be the limit.

The utility interest in solar PV may help remove some of the stigma, and show that even small-scale modules can have a big-scale impact.

Photo credit: Schroeder, Dennis – NREL Staff Photographer

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Article filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Oct 20, 2009

Tres Amigas “super” substation enables long-distance electricity transfers, but do states want that?

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/tres-amigas-super-substation-enables-long-distance-electricity-transfers-do-states-want/

Even if many states prefer to focus on their own renewable resources, the technical hurdle for the interstate transmission superhighway may be overcome with a new “super” substation in New Mexico called Tres Amigas. One of the biggest barriers to the envisioned interstate transmission superhighway is that the U.S. actually has three separate grids: the Eastern Interconnection, the Western Interconnection, and the Texas grid. Without power transfers between these grids, it’d be hard to do as many clean energy advocates desire – send green power from the Southwest and wind from the Great Plains to the coasts.

“Tres Amigas will serve as a renewable energy market hub by connecting all three of America’s power grids to enable the transfer of green power from region to region,” said Phil Harris, chief executive of Tres Amigas.

The problem? Most states have enough in-state renewable energy to meet their goals, and they like the economic rewards of tapping domestic renewable resources, especially in comparison to the cost of building a new high-voltage transmission network.

This spring, governors of ten states—including New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Virginia—sent a letter to congressional leaders questioning the idea of a national transmission superhighway to bring juice from the Midwest to the Atlantic coast. Instead, they urged, Congress should support regional energy solutions—such as Atlantic offshore wind for those eastern states. It’s a line seconded by big utilities, such as PSEG of New Jersey. The argument: Renewable resources in the eastern U.S., such as wind and sun, may not be so abundant as in other parts of the country. But that resource advantage is more than offset by the huge expense of building thousands of miles of transmission lines to carry electricity.

The new Tres Amigas super substation might provide the technical potential for long-distance bulk transfer of electricity (as likely coal as solar or wind), but it won’t make many friends in the process.

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filed under General | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Oct 19, 2009

A little heresy on transmission

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/little-heresy-transmission/

The last thing renewable energy needs right now are new transmission lines.

This statement is heresy in the green community, but there’s a danger that the increasing focus of green energy advocates on a new nationwide transmission superhighway may undermine the pursuit of near-term renewable energy goals.

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Article filed under Energy | Written by John Farrell | No Comments | Updated on Oct 15, 2009

Satellite photos of Austin, TX, show it could meet its peak demand with rooftop solar

The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/satellite-photos-austin-tx-show-it-could-meet-its-peak-demand-rooftop-solar/

A satellite scan of Sunbelt city Austin, TX, revealed that there’s enough unshaded rooftop to power the entire city during peak demand on hot, summer afternoons.  Continue reading