(1) Pat Franklin, "Extended Producer Responsibility: A Primer," Container Recycling Institute, Washington, DC, at http://www.container-recycling.org/epr.html.

(2) Akira Ueno, Japan Container and Package Recycling Association, Tokyo, Japan, "A Report on an Exercise of EPR in Japan: Elements Needed for the Sound Development of EPR," published in OECD Joint Workshop on Extended Producer Responsibility and Waste Minimisation Policy in Support of Environmental Sustainability, Paris, 4-7 May 1999, Part 1: Extended Producer Responsibility, March 2000, pp. 55-56. The full report is available for download at: http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/1999doc.nsf/ 63c71d2d4054d0fdc125685d0053aee4/ c125685f0037ebabc12568a500602b7f/$FILE/00074110.PDF

(3) Japan reorganized its ministries effective 2001. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) is now called the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI).

(4) All data for Japan is for fiscal years, with the 1997 fiscal year running from April 1, 1996 to March 31, 1997, the 1998 fiscal year extending from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998, and so on.

(5) John E. Gibson and Yoko Naito, "Thrown Off: Design City's new garbage disposal system has some locals left holding the bag," Chubu Weekly, Nagoya, Japan, Aug. 31 - Sept. 13, 2000, pg. 1.

(6) Akira Ueno, Chief Executive Director, Japan Container and Package Recycling Association, "Presenting the Formula to Calculate the Japanese Recycling Fee," at: http://www.saic-epak.com/news2/table1.htm.

(7) See Akira Ueno, Chief Executive Director, Japan Container and Package Recycling Association, "Presenting the Formula to Calculate the Japanese Recycling Fee," at: http://www.saic-epak.com/news2/table1.htm for a detailed description of the fee calculation.

(8) Allied Japanese Groups Working on the Issues of Environment, March 16, 2000 message posted on the Grassroots Recycling Network's greenyes listserve. Message available at http://www.earthsystems.org/list/greenyes/jan2000/0291.html

(9) Bette K. Fishbein, "EPR: What Does It Mean? Where Is It Headed?" Pollution Prevention Review, Autumn 1998, pg. 47. Also available on the INFORM web site at: http://www.informinc.org/eprarticle.htm.

(10) Naoko Tojo, "Analysis of EPR Policies and Legislation through Comparative Study Of Selected EPR Programmes for EEE - Based on the In-Depth Study of a Japanese EPR Regulation," International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 1999. Available for download at the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics web site at: http://www.lu.se/IIIEE/publications/communications/2000/2000_10.pdf.

(11) Korea's 1998 GDP was $10,900 and annual per capita municipal solid waste generation was 400 kilograms.

(12) As of May 4, 2001, the TEPA web site stated, "The Solid Waste Bureau will consider totally doing away with the deposit in another six months…." This language has been posted on the site for more than six months.

(13) Beverley Thorpe and Iza Kruszewska, "Strategies To Promote Clean Production - Extended Producer Responsibility," Clean Production Action, Montreal, Quebec, January 1999. Available for download at: http://www.anped.org/PDF/5spacepr1999.pdf

(14) "Deliberation of Draft Recycling Act Begins Anew," Environmental Policy Monthly, Taiwan R.O.C.; Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Office of Science and Technology Advisors; Vol. III, Issue 10, April 2000. Available for download at: http://www.epa.gov.tw/english/EPM/